1. Capping
Partial or complete separation of a tablet's crown or upper portion from the main body.
Causes of Capping:
- Insufficient compression force
- Lack good binding properties
- Poor granules flow
Remedies for Capping:
- Adjust the compression force.
- Incorporate suitable binder.
- Improve granules flow.
2. Lamination
Tablets split into layers or laminates.
Causes of Lamination:
- Air entrapment.
- Insufficient compaction force.
- Adjust pre-compression force to remove air from the granules.
- Proper compression force.
3. Sticking
It happens when the tablet material adheres to the punches and dies instead of being ejected smoothly.
Causes of Sticking:
- Improper lubrication.
- Exist of hygroscopic or sticky ingredients.
- Rough surface of Punchs/Die.
- Inadequate dwell time.
- Worn-out tooling.
Remedies for Sticking:
- Select a suitable lubricant.
- Adding suitable excipients (no hygroscopic ingredients).
- Clean & replace rough tools.
- Optimize dwell time.
- Replace the worn-out tooling.
4. Picking
Specific type of sticking. It occurs when the tablet material is left behind on the punch faces with embossing designs.
Causes of Picking:
- The same of Sticking.
Remedies for Picking:
- The same of Sticking.
5. Binding
Undesirable adhesion of granules to the surface of the dies during the compression.
- Causes of Binding:
- Improper lubrication between granules & tools.
- Excessive moisture.
- Hygroscopic excipients.
Remedies for Binding:
- Apply proper lubricants.
- Monitor the moisture content.
- Use non-hygroscopic excipients.
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